Module+1+Glossary

=A Glossary of Terms=

Please use the following format when adding to the glossary. Also, please try to enter your terms in **alphabetical order**. **Please write your name next to each entry.**
 * Term:** definition

To input your glossary term, place your cursor at the end of the definition or term you want to alphabetically follow, and press enter twice before typing your term and definition. Type your name at the end of each entry.

=Glossary of Terms: EDU 643=


 * ADDIE model - ** a generic and simplified instructional systems design (ISD) model. ADDIE is short for Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate. (Jeff Cichon)


 * Assimilate - ** To absorb and incorporate knowledge as your own. (Endicott)
 * Authentic Assessment:** an assessment that measures the application of principals and concepts through the production of outcomes or performance of behaviors in realistic, complex settings. (Angela Allen)


 * Behaviorism** - is a theory of learning based upon the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. (Iris Robinson)


 * Bloom Taxonomy** – objectively measures a student outcome. Bloom's Taxonomy divides educational objectives into three domains:
 * 1) Cognitive – are the brain abil­i­ty to carry out any task from the sim­plest to the most com­plex.
 * 2) Affective - relating to the e influencing of feelings or emotions
 * 3) Psychomotor – is when learning is demonstrated by physical skills such as movement and coordination. (Iris Robinson)


 * Bloom's Revised Taxonomy** - revisited by one of Bloom's students, Lorin Anderson, in the 1990's, changes were made to the original Bloom's in the following ways: the names of the 6 categories were changed from nouns to verbs, and they were rearranged slightly to reflect more recent research with regards to the hierarchy of learning. The categories are now: Remembering, Understanding, Applying, Analyzing, Evaluating, Creating. (Kathy Rokakis)


 * Cognitive Task Analysis (CTA)** - a family of methods and tools for understanding the mental processes that organize and give meaning to observable behavior. (Kathy Rokakis)


 * Constructivism – **it looks at the way a person learns. I also explain how knowledge is constructed in a person. (Iris Robinson)


 * Constructivism**: as a perspective in education, explains how knowledge is constructed in the human being when information comes into contact with existing knowledge that had been developed by experiences. Bailey


 * Continuum:** a continuous series or whole, no part of which is perceptibly different from the adjacent parts. Elenbaas

**Covert Strategies -** internal mental processes that students use. (Phil Gobel)
 * Criterion-referenced testing:** one that provides for translating test scores into a statement about the behavior to be expected of a person with that score or their relationship to a specified subject matter. Elenbaas


 * Domain-referenced assessment:** "requires the specification of rules that determine membership in the domain and a procedure for sampling individual elements so that inferences can be made from the sample to the domain. Bailey

**Electronic Performance Support Systems**- computer based systems designed to provide workers with the help they need to perform certain job tasks when assistance is needed (Masters)

**Empirical Studies**- Empirical research is research that derives its data by means of direct observation or experiment, such research is used to answer a question or test a hypothesis. (Trevarous Guffie)

**Extrinsic Motivation -** exists when the source of motivation lies outside of the individual and the task being performed. (Phil Gobel) **Formative Evaluation:** This type of evaluation occurs during the development process of educational materials. The materials can be tested during design stages with students or teachers and be adjusted to better focus on what problem the educational materials solve. (John Babinski)


 * Heuristic:** involving or serving as an aid to learning, discovery, or problem-solving by experimental and especially trial-and-error methods. (Angela Allen)


 * Higher-level thinking:** learning requiring more cognitive processing than others (Jessica Leenhouts)


 * Human Performance Technology (HPT)** - a systematic approach to improving productivity and competence, using a set of methods and procedures, including a strategy for solving problems, in order to create opportunities for people's performance. It helps to find, analyze, design and put into action programs to pair humans with technology for cost-effective accomplishment. (Kathy Rokakis)


 * Information Processing -** the process of ""gathering, retrieval, storage, searching of informational data" (Endicott)


 * Instructional Design** - the systematic process by which instructional materials are designed, developed, and delivered. The philosophy, methodology, and approach used to deliver information. McQuillan

**Instrinsic Motivation -** exists when the source of motivation lies within the individual and task. (Phil Gobel)
 * Knowledge Management** – identifying, documenting, and disseminating explicit and tacit knowledge within an organization in order to improve the performance of that organization. McQuillan


 * Metacognition ** - the process of thinking about thinking. "<span class="GINGER_SOFATWARE_noSuggestion GINGER_SOFATWARE_correct">Metacognition refers to one's knowledge concerning one's own cognitive processes or anything related to them. McQuillan


 * Metaphor:** a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable. Bailey


 * Microcomputer**: A small computer in which the central processing unit is a single silicon chip. Delicia Williams

**Overt Strategies -** observable study behaviors; likely to be effective only when the covert strategies that underlie them are productive. (Phil Gobel)
 * Paradigm or Favorite Theory** - A way of thinking shared by a group, can be used to guide <span class="GINGER_SOFATWARE_correct">eductional instruction. (Andrew Murray)


 * Performance Assessment-** Assessment based on observation and judgement. (<span class="GINGER_SOFATWARE_correct">Trevarous Guffie)


 * Programmed Instruction -** It typically consists of self-teaching with the aid of a specialized textbook or [|teaching machine] that presents material structured in a logical and empirically developed sequence or sequences. (Jeff Cichon)


 * Project Based Learning** - a style of learning where the learner engages in projects to understand the concepts. Project based learning can help learners reach higher levels of Bloom's Taxonomy. (Andrew Murray)


 * Rapid Prototyping** – a process that involves quickly developing a prototype product in the very early stages of an instructional design project and then going through a series of rapid tryout and revision cycles until an acceptable version of the product is produced. McQuillan


 * Schema:** a cognitive framework that helps organize and interpret information in the world around us. (Angela Allen)


 * Self-Efficacy-** the belief in one's ability to <span class="GINGER_SOFATWARE_correct">complet a task or carry out a goal (Masters)


 * Social Cognitive – **emphasize that learning occurs in a social context and is gained through a <span class="GINGER_SOFATWARE_correct">person observation. (Iris Robinson)


 * Summative Evaluation:** This is when educational materials are tested in their final form. The materials have been fully developed and are now ready for students. These materials still may not meet what they were intended to teach. (John Babinski)


 * Synthesis:** a complex whole formed by combining (Jessica Leenhouts )


 * Targeted Audience**: A specific or primary group of people used during a study or evaluation; a targeted audience can be formed of people of a certain age group, gender, etc. Delicia Williams


 * Training Problems** - Limited, specific behaviors or tasks to be completed under definable conditions. (Andrew Murray)


 * <span class="GINGER_SOFATWARE_correct">Undergird -** Give fundamental support and provide a sound, secure basis for your support (Endicott)